Guémara
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Kings shall see and arise, princes shall prostrate themselves, because of the Lord, Who is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, Who has chosen you” (Isaiah 49:7), indicating that redemption will come independent of repentance?
מְלָכִים יִרְאוּ וָקָמוּ שָׂרִים וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ״?
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Eliezer said to him: But isn’t it already stated: “If you will return, Israel, says the Lord, return to Me” (Jeremiah 4:1), indicating that redemption is contingent upon repentance? Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: But isn’t it already stated: “And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to heaven and swore by the One Who lives forever that it shall be for a period, periods, and a half; when the crushing of the power of the holy people shall have been completed, all these things shall be finished” (Daniel 12:7), indicating that the time for redemption is set and unrelated to repentance? And Rabbi Eliezer was silent, unable to refute the proof from that verse.
אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר ״אִם תָּשׁוּב יִשְׂרָאֵל נְאֻם ה׳ אֵלַי תָּשׁוּב״? אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר ״וָאֶשְׁמַע אֶת הָאִישׁ לְבוּשׁ הַבַּדִּים אֲשֶׁר מִמַּעַל לְמֵימֵי הַיְאֹר וַיָּרֶם יְמִינוֹ וּשְׂמֹאלוֹ אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם וַיִּשָּׁבַע בְּחֵי הָעוֹלָם כִּי לְמוֹעֵד מוֹעֲדִים וָחֵצִי וּכְכַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד עַם קֹדֶשׁ תִּכְלֶינָה כׇל אֵלֶּה וְגוֹ׳״? וְשָׁתַק רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § And Rabbi Abba says: You have no more explicit manifestation of the end of days than this following phenomenon, as it is stated: “But you, mountains of Israel, you shall give your branches, and yield your fruit to My people of Israel, for they will soon be coming” (Ezekiel 36:8). When produce will grow in abundance in Eretz Yisrael, it is an indication that the Messiah will be coming soon. Rabbi Eliezer says: You have no greater manifestation of the end of days than this following phenomenon as well, as it is stated: “For before these days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; nor was there peace from the oppressor to him who exits and to him who enters” (Zechariah 8:10). When there are no wages for work and no rent paid for use of one’s animal, that is an indication that the coming of the Messiah is at hand.
וְאָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: אֵין לְךָ קֵץ מְגוּלֶּה מִזֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאַתֶּם הָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַנְפְּכֶם תִּתֵּנוּ וּפֶרְיְכֶם תִּשְׂאוּ לְעַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ׳״. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אַף מִזֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי לִפְנֵי הַיָּמִים הָהֵם שְׂכַר הָאָדָם לֹא נִהְיָה וּשְׂכַר הַבְּהֵמָה אֵינֶנָּה וְלַיּוֹצֵא וְלַבָּא אֵין שָׁלוֹם מִן הַצָּר״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the phrase: “Nor was there peace from the oppressor to him who exits and to him who enters”? Rav says: It means that even for Torah scholars, with regard to whom the promise of peace is written, as it is written: “Great peace have they who love Your Torah; and there is no obstacle for them” (Psalms 119:165), there will be no peace from the oppressor. And Shmuel says: It means that the Messiah will not come until all the prices are equal.
מַאי ״לַיּוֹצֵא וְלַבָּא אֵין שָׁלוֹם מִן הַצָּר״? רַב אָמַר: אַף תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶם שָׁלוֹם, דִּכְתִיב ״שָׁלוֹם רָב לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶךָ״, אֵין שָׁלוֹם מִפְּנֵי צָר. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כׇּל הַשְּׁעָרִים כּוּלָּן שְׁקוּלִין.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until a fish will be sought for an ill person and will not be found, as it is stated with regard to the downfall of Egypt: “Then I will make their waters clear and cause their rivers to run like oil” (Ezekiel 32:14), meaning that the current in the rivers will come to a virtual standstill. And it is written thereafter: “On that day I will cause the glory of the house of Israel to flourish” (Ezekiel 29:21).
אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא עַד שֶׁיִּתְבַּקֵּשׁ דָּג [קָטָן] לְחוֹלֶה וְלֹא יִמָּצֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אָז אַשְׁקִיעַ מֵימֵיהֶם וְנַהֲרוֹתָם כַּשֶּׁמֶן אוֹלִיךְ״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא אַצְמִיחַ קֶרֶן לְבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until the contemptuous [hazalla] kingdom of Rome will cease from the Jewish people, as it is stated: “And He shall sever the sprigs [hazalzallim] with pruning hooks” (Isaiah 18:5). And it is written thereafter: “At that time shall a present be brought to the Lord of hosts, by a people scattered and hairless” (Isaiah 18:7).
אָמַר רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא: אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא עַד שֶׁתִּכְלֶה מַלְכוּת הַזָּלָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְכָרַת הַזַּלְזַלִּים בַּמַּזְמֵרוֹת״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״בָּעֵת הַהִיא יוּבַל שַׁי לַה׳ צְבָאוֹת עַם מְמֻשָּׁךְ וּמוֹרָט״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Ze’eiri says that Rabbi Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until the arrogant will cease to exist from among the Jewish people, as it is stated: “For then I will remove from your midst your proudly exulting ones” (Zephaniah 3:11), and it is written afterward: “And I will leave in your midst a poor and lowly people, and they shall take refuge in the name of the Lord” (Zephaniah 3:12).
אָמַר זְעֵירִי אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ גַּסֵּי הָרוּחַ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אָז אָסִיר מִקִּרְבֵּךְ עַלִּיזֵי גַּאֲוָתֵךְ״, וּכְתִיב: ״וְהִשְׁאַרְתִּי בְקִרְבֵּךְ עַם עָנִי וָדָל וְחָסוּ בְּשֵׁם ה׳״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Simlai says in the name of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon: The son of David will not come until all the judges and officers will cease to exist from among the Jewish people, and there will be no more autonomous government in Eretz Yisrael, as it is stated: “And I will turn My hand against you and purge away your dross as with lye and take away your base alloy. And I will restore your judges as at the first” (Isaiah 1:25–26).
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׂמְלַאי מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ כׇּל שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאָשִׁיבָה יָדִי עָלַיִךְ וְאֶצְרֹף כַּבֹּר סִיגָיִךְ וְגוֹ׳ וְאָשִׁיבָה שֹׁפְטַיִךְ״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Ulla says: Jerusalem is redeemed only by means of righteousness, as it is stated: “Zion shall be redeemed with justice and those who return to it with righteousness” (Isaiah 1:27). Rav Pappa says: If the arrogant will cease to exist, the Persian sorcerers will cease to exist as well. If the deceitful judges will cease to exist, the royal officers [gazirpatei] and taskmasters will cease to exist. Rav Pappa elaborates: If the arrogant will cease, the Persian sorcerers will cease, as it is written: “And I will purge away your dross [sigayikh] as with lye, and I will remove all your alloy [bedilayikh].” When the arrogant [sigim] are purged, the sorcerers, who are separated [muvdalim] from the fear of God, will also cease. And if the deceitful judges cease to exist, the royal officers and taskmasters will cease to exist, as it is written: “The Lord has removed your judgments; cast out your enemy” (Zephaniah 3:15).
אָמַר עוּלָּא: אֵין יְרוּשָׁלָיִם נִפְדֵּית אֶלָּא בִּצְדָקָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״צִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶה וְשָׁבֶיהָ בִּצְדָקָה״. אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: אִי בָּטְלִי יְהִירֵי – בָּטְלִי אַמְגּוּשֵׁי, אִי בָּטְלִי דַּיָּינֵי – בָּטְלִי גְּזִירְפָּטֵי. אִי בָּטְלִי יְהִירֵי בָּטְלִי אַמְגּוּשֵׁי, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְאֶצְרֹף כַּבֹּר סִיגָיִךְ וְאָסִירָה כׇּל בְּדִילָיִךְ״. וְאִי בָּטְלִי דַּיָּינֵי בָּטְלִי גְּזִירְפָּטֵי, דִּכְתִיב: ״הֵסִיר ה׳ מִשְׁפָּטַיִךְ פִּנָּה אֹיְבֵךְ״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Yoḥanan says: If you saw a generation whose wisdom and Torah study is steadily diminishing, await the coming of the Messiah, as it is stated: “And the afflicted people You will redeem” (II Samuel 22:28). Rabbi Yoḥanan says: If you saw a generation whose troubles inundate it like a river, await the coming of the Messiah, as it is stated: “When distress will come like a river that the breath of the Lord drives” (Isaiah 59:19). And juxtaposed to it is the verse: “And a redeemer will come to Zion” (Isaiah 59:20).
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אִם רָאִיתָ דּוֹר שֶׁמִּתְמַעֵט וְהוֹלֵךְ, חַכֵּה לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֶת עַם עָנִי תּוֹשִׁיעַ וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אִם רָאִיתָ דּוֹר שֶׁצָּרוֹת רַבּוֹת בָּאוֹת עָלָיו כַּנָּהָר, חַכֵּה לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי יָבֹא כַנָּהָר צָר רוּחַ ה׳ נֹסְסָה בוֹ״, וּסְמִיךְ לֵיהּ: ״וּבָא לְצִיּוֹן גּוֹאֵל״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: The son of David will come only in a generation that is entirely innocent, in which case they will be deserving of redemption, or in a generation that is entirely guilty, in which case there will be no alternative to redemption. He may come in a generation that is entirely innocent, as it is written: “And your people also shall be all righteous; they shall inherit the land forever” (Isaiah 60:21). He may come in a generation that is entirely guilty, as it is written: “And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor; therefore His arm brought salvation to Him, and His righteousness, it sustained Him” (Isaiah 59:16). And it is written: “For My own sake, for My own sake will I do it; for how should it be profaned? And My glory I will not give it to another” (Isaiah 48:11).
וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֵין בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא אֶלָּא בְּדוֹר שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ זַכַּאי, אוֹ כּוּלּוֹ חַיָּיב. בְּדוֹר שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ זַכַּאי – דִּכְתִיב: ״וְעַמֵּךְ כֻּלָּם צַדִּיקִים לְעוֹלָם יִירְשׁוּ אָרֶץ״. בְּדוֹר שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ חַיָּיב – דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיַּרְא כִּי אֵין אִישׁ וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵם כִּי אֵין מַפְגִּיעַ״, וּכְתִיב: ״לְמַעֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § Rabbi Alexandri says: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi raises a contradiction in a verse addressing God’s commitment to redeem the Jewish people. In the verse: “I the Lord in its time I will hasten it” (Isaiah 60:22), it is written: “In its time,” indicating that there is a designated time for the redemption, and it is written: “I will hasten it,” indicating that there is no set time for the redemption. Rabbi Alexandri explains: If they merit redemption through repentance and good deeds I will hasten the coming of the Messiah. If they do not merit redemption, the coming of the Messiah will be in its designated time.
אָמַר רַבִּי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִי: רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי רָמֵי, כְּתִיב ״בְּעִתָּהּ״ וּכְתִיב ״אֲחִישֶׁנָּה״. זָכוּ – אֲחִישֶׁנָּה, לֹא זָכוּ – בְּעִתָּהּ.