Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The dispute is with regard to a prophet who prophesies to abolish the essence of the prohibition of idol worship, or a prophet who espouses fulfillment of part of the prohibition and nullification of part of the prohibition of idol worship, asserting that idol worship is permitted in certain circumstances, as the Merciful One says: “And that prophet…shall be put to death; because he has spoken perversion against the Lord…to divert you from the way on which the Lord your God commanded you to walk” (Deuteronomy 13:6). It may be inferred from this verse: If he diverts you even from part of the way. In these cases, Rabbi Shimon holds that he is executed by strangulation, and the Rabbis hold that he is executed by stoning.
מַחְלוֹקֶת בְּעוֹקֵר הַגּוּף דַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְקִיּוּם מִקְצָת וּבִיטּוּל מִקְצָת דַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, דְּרַחֲמָנָא אָמַר: ״מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ״ – אֲפִילּוּ מִקְצָת הַדֶּרֶךְ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : But if a prophet abolishes the essence of the rest of the mitzvot, everyone agrees that he is executed by strangulation. And if the prophet espouses fulfillment of part and nullification of part of other mitzvot, everyone agrees that he is exempt from punishment. If a true prophet espouses temporary nullification of a specific mitzva, one must heed his words.
אֲבָל עוֹקֵר הַגּוּף דִּשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל בְּחֶנֶק. וְקִיּוּם מִקְצָת וּבִיטּוּל מִקְצָת דְּבִשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל פָּטוּר.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rav Hamnuna raises an objection from a baraita that interprets the phrase in the verse “to divert you from the way on which the Lord your God commanded you to walk.” “To walk”; this is a reference to a positive mitzva. “On which”; this is a reference to a prohibition. And if it enters your mind that the verse is stated with regard to idol worship, how can you find a positive mitzva relating to idol worship? The Gemara answers: Rav Ḥisda interpreted that the positive mitzva referred to in the verse is: “And you shall smash their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their asherim in fire; and you shall hew down the graven images of their gods; and you shall destroy their name from that place” (Deuteronomy 12:3). A prophet is liable to receive the death penalty if he abolishes this mitzva.
מֵתִיב רַב הַמְנוּנָא: ״לָלֶכֶת״ – זוֹ מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה, ״בָּהּ״ – זוֹ מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. וְאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, עֲשֵׂה בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הֵיכִי מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ? תַּרְגְּמַהּ רַב חִסְדָּא: ״וְנִתַּצְתֶּם״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Although his objection was resolved, Rav Hamnuna suggests an alternative explanation of the dispute and says: The dispute is with regard to a prophet who prophesies to abolish the essence of a mitzva, whether it is with regard to idol worship or with regard to the rest of the mitzvot; or a prophet who espouses fulfillment of part of the prohibition and nullification of part of the prohibition of idol worship. This is as the Merciful One says: “From the way,” from which it may be inferred: If he diverts you from even part of the way. In these cases, Rabbi Shimon holds that he is executed by strangulation, and the Rabbis hold that he is executed by stoning.
רַב הַמְנוּנָא אָמַר: מַחֲלוֹקֶת בְּעוֹקֵר הַגּוּף, בֵּין בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בֵּין בִּשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת, וְקִיּוּם מִקְצָת וּבִיטּוּל מִקְצָת דַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. דְּרַחֲמָנָא אָמַר: ״מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ״, אֲפִילּוּ מִקְצָת הַדֶּרֶךְ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : But if the prophet espouses fulfillment of part and nullification of part of other mitzvot, everyone agrees that he is exempt from punishment, as that is within the prophet’s mandate.
אֲבָל קִיּוּם מִקְצָת וּבִיטּוּל מִקְצָת, דְּבִשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל פָּטוּר.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Sages taught: In the case of one who prophesies to abolish a matter from the Torah, he is deemed a false prophet and is liable to be executed by strangulation. If he prophesies to fulfill part or to nullify part of a matter in the Torah, Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt from execution. And with regard to idol worship, even if he says: Worship it today and tomorrow nullify it, everyone agrees that he is liable.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַמִּתְנַבֵּא לַעֲקוֹר דָּבָר מִן הַתּוֹרָה – חַיָּיב. לְקַיֵּים מִקְצָת וּלְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אֲפִילּוּ אוֹמֵר: ״הַיּוֹם עִיבְדוּהָ וּלְמָחָר בַּטְּלוּהָ״ – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל חַיָּיב.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara comments: Abaye holds in accordance with the opinion of Rav Ḥisda and explains the baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rav Ḥisda. Rava holds in accordance with the opinion of Rav Hamnuna and explains the baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rav Hamnuna.
אַבָּיֵי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַב חִסְדָּא, וּמְתָרֵץ לַהּ כְּרַב חִסְדָּא. רָבָא סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַב הַמְנוּנָא, וּמְתָרֵץ לַהּ כְּרַב הַמְנוּנָא.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara elaborates: Abaye holds in accordance with the opinion of Rav Ḥisda and explains the baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rav Ḥisda. In the case of one who prophesies to abolish a matter from the Torah, everyone agrees that he is executed by strangulation. If he prophesies to fulfill part or to nullify part of a Torah law, Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt from execution, and the same is true of the Rabbis, who also hold that he is exempt. And with regard to idol worship, even if he says: Worship it today and nullify it tomorrow, everyone agrees that he is liable to be executed. What form of death penalty is imposed? One Sage, the Rabbis, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., stoning, and one Sage, Rabbi Shimon, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., strangulation.
אַבָּיֵי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַב חִסְדָּא, וּמְתָרֵץ לַהּ כְּרַב חִסְדָּא: הַמִּתְנַבֵּא לַעֲקוֹר דָּבָר מִן הַתּוֹרָה – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל בְּחֶנֶק. לְקַיֵּים מִקְצָת וּלְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר, וְהוּא הַדִּין לְרַבָּנַן. וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אֲפִילּוּ אָמַר ״הַיּוֹם עִיבְדוּהָ וּלְמָחָר בַּטְּלוּהָ״ – חַיָּיב. מָר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ, וּמַר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rava holds in accordance with the opinion of Rav Hamnuna and explains the baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rav Hamnuna. In the case of one who prophesies to abolish a matter from the Torah, whether it is with regard to idol worship or with regard to the rest of the mitzvot, he is liable to be executed. What form of death penalty is imposed? One Sage, the Rabbis, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., stoning, and one Sage, Rabbi Shimon, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., strangulation. If he prophesies to fulfill part or to nullify part of a Torah law other than idol worship, Rabbi Shimon deems him exempt from execution, and the same is true of the Rabbis, who also hold that he is exempt. And with regard to idol worship, even if he says: Worship it today and nullify it tomorrow, everyone agrees that he is liable to be executed. What form of death penalty is imposed? One Sage, the Rabbis, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., stoning, and one Sage, Rabbi Shimon, rules in accordance with what he holds, i.e., strangulation.
רָבָא סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַב הַמְנוּנָא, וּמְתָרֵץ לַהּ כְּרַב הַמְנוּנָא: הַמִּתְנַבֵּא לַעֲקוֹר דָּבָר מִן הַתּוֹרָה, בֵּין בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בֵּין בִּשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת – חַיָּיב, מָר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ וּמַר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ. לְקַיֵּים מִקְצָת וּלְבַטֵּל מִקְצָת בִּשְׁאָר מִצְוֹת – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר, וְהוּא הַדִּין לְרַבָּנַן. וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אֲפִילּוּ אוֹמֵר ״הַיּוֹם עִיבְדוּהָ וּלְמָחָר בַּטְּלוּהָ״ – חַיָּיב, מָר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ וּמַר כִּדְאִית לֵיהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rabbi Abbahu says that Rabbi Yoḥanan says, in summary: With regard to all mitzvot, if a prophet will say to you: Violate matters of Torah on a provisional basis, heed him, except for idol worship, as even if he establishes that he is a bona fide prophet and stops the sun for you in the middle of the sky, do not heed him. It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: The Torah ascertained the depth of the mentality of idol worship, the danger that it presents, and the lure of its ideology. Therefore, the Torah ascribed the false prophet with dominion in its regard, recognizing that a false prophet could perform wonders on the basis of idol worship. Therefore, even if the false prophet stops the sun for you in the middle of the sky, do not heed him.
אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בַּכֹּל, אִם יֹאמַר לְךָ נָבִיא ״עֲבוֹר עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה״ – שְׁמַע לוֹ, חוּץ מֵעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁאֲפִילּוּ מַעֲמִיד לְךָ חַמָּה בְּאֶמְצַע הָרָקִיעַ – אַל תִּשְׁמַע לוֹ. תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: הִגִּיעָה תּוֹרָה לְסוֹף דַּעְתָּהּ שֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, לְפִיכָךְ נָתְנָה תּוֹרָה מֶמְשָׁלָה בָּהּ, שֶׁאֲפִילּוּ מַעֲמִיד לְךָ חַמָּה בְּאֶמְצַע הָרָקִיעַ – אַל תִּשְׁמַע לוֹ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Akiva says: Heaven forfend that the Holy One, Blessed be He, would stop the sun for those who violate His will. A false prophet could never perform an actual miracle. Rather, this warning is relevant only in the case of a prophet, for example, Hananiah, son of Azzur, whose origin was as a true prophet, at which point he could perform miracles; and ultimately, he was a false prophet. Therefore, although he had already been established as a true prophet, once he espouses idol worship, it is clear that he is a false prophet.
תַּנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: חַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַעֲמִיד חַמָּה לְעוֹבְרֵי רְצוֹנוֹ! אֶלָּא כְּגוֹן חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן עַזּוּר, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתוֹ נְבִיא אֱמֶת, וּלְבַסּוֹף נְבִיא שֶׁקֶר.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § The mishna teaches: And conspiring witnesses who testified that the daughter of a priest and her paramour committed adultery are executed by strangulation. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Ika, says: It is derived as it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yosei says: What is the meaning when the verse states with regard to conspiring witnesses: “And you shall do to him as he conspired to do to his brother” (Deuteronomy 19:19)? The verse is formulated in this manner due to the fact that in all cases involving those rendered conspiring witnesses who are mentioned in the Torah, e.g., forbidden relatives, the sentences of their conspiring witnesses and their paramours are similar to their own sentences, and the witnesses are executed by strangulation.
וְזוֹמְמֵי בַּת כֹּהֵן – מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִיקָא: דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וַעֲשִׂיתֶם לוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר זָמַם לַעֲשׂוֹת לְאָחִיו״? לְפִי שֶׁכׇּל הַמְזוּמָּמִין שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, זוֹמְמֵיהֶן וּבוֹעֲלֵיהֶן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן.