Guémara
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : first, in the passage discussing burnt offerings (see Leviticus 1:3).
תְּחִלָּה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Similarly, one who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a burnt offering from the flock, must bring a lamb as his burnt offering, since the verse opens with it first in the passage discussing burnt offerings of the flock, as it is stated: “And if his offering is of the flock, whether of the lambs, or of the goats, for a burnt offering, he shall offer it a male without blemish” (Leviticus 1:10).
״מִן הַצֹּאן״ – יָבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ, הוֹאִיל וּפָתַח בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב תְּחִלָּה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Similarly, one who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a burnt offering from a type of bird, must bring doves as his burnt offering, since the verse opens with it first in the passage discussing burnt offerings of birds, as it is stated: “And if his offering to the Lord is a burnt offering of birds, then he shall bring his offering of doves or of pigeons” (Leviticus 1:14).
״מִן הָעוֹף״ – יָבִיא תּוֹרִים, הוֹאִיל וּפָתַח בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב תְּחִלָּה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : If so, why did we learn in a mishna (107a): One who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a burnt offering, must bring a lamb, which is the least expensive land animal sacrificed as an offering. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: He may bring either a dove or pigeon as a bird burnt offering. And Rabbi Yehuda does not disagree.
אַלְּמָה תְּנַן: הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה – יָבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: תּוֹר אוֹ בֶּן יוֹנָה, וְלָא פְּלִיג רַבִּי יְהוּדָה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara provides a new interpretation: Rather, what does Rabbi Yehuda mean when he says that the fine-flour meal offering is the most notable of the meal offerings? He means that it has no modifier. Only a fine-flour offering is referred to simply as a meal offering, with no other qualification.
אֶלָּא מַאי מְיוּחֶדֶת שֶׁבַּמְּנָחוֹת? דְּלֵית לֵיהּ שֵׁם לְוַוי.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara challenges: But isn’t it taught in the baraita that Rabbi Yehuda says that one must bring a fine-flour meal offering since the verse opens with it first? The Gemara answers: This is what the baraita is saying: Which meal offering is the most notable of the meal offerings, as it has no modifier? It is this, i.e., the fine-flour meal offering, with which the verse opens first. The reason that Rabbi Yehuda holds that one must bring a fine-flour meal offering is not because the verse opens with it, but because it has no modifier.
וְהָא תָּנָא הוֹאִיל וּפָתַח בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב תְּחִלָּה קָאָמַר? הָכִי קָאָמַר: אֵיזֶהוּ מִנְחָה מְיוּחֶדֶת שֶׁבַּמְּנָחוֹת, דְּלֵית לֵיהּ שֵׁם לְוַוי? זוֹ שֶׁפָּתַח בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב תְּחִלָּה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara challenges: If so, the explanation of the baraita is unnecessary; isn’t it obvious that Rabbi Yehuda is referring to the fine-flour meal offering, as he says so explicitly? The Gemara answers: The baraita explains that the reference to the meal offering with which the passage opens merely serves as a mnemonic, so one should not forget which type of meal offering Rabbi Yehuda is referring to.
פְּשִׁיטָא, מִנְחַת הַסּוֹלֶת קָאָמַר, סִימָנָא בְּעָלְמָא.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § The mishna teaches that if one says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering, or: It is incumbent upon me to bring a type of meal offering, he must bring one meal offering. This is because he stated his intent in the singular. But if he says in the plural: It is incumbent upon me to bring meal offerings, or: Meal offerings of a certain type, he must bring two meal offerings. Rav Pappa raises a dilemma: If one said: It is incumbent upon me to bring types of a meal offering, using a combination of singular and plural forms, what is the halakha?
״מִנְחָה״, ״מִין הַמִּנְחָה״ [וְכוּ׳]. בָּעֵי רַב פָּפָּא: ״מִינֵי מִנְחָה״ מַהוּ?
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara explains the dilemma: Perhaps it should be reasoned that since he said: Types, in the plural, apparently he was saying that he intends to bring two meal offerings. And if so, what is the reason he used the singular word: Meal offering? He used it because the entire category of meal offerings is also referred to as: Meal offering, in the singular, as it is written in the verse: “And this is the law of the meal offering: The sons of Aaron shall offer it before the Lord, in front of the altar” (Leviticus 6:7).
כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר ״מִינֵי״, תַּרְתֵּי קָאָמַר, וּמַאי ״מִנְחָה״? (דְּכוּלַּהּ) מְנָחוֹת נָמֵי ״מִנְחָה״ מִיקַּרְיָין, דִּכְתִיב ״וְזֹאת תּוֹרַת הַמִּנְחָה״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Or perhaps it should be reasoned that since he said: Meal offering, in the singular, apparently he was saying that he intends to bring only one meal offering. And if so, what did he mean by using the plural phrase: Types of a meal offering? This is what he was saying: Of the various types of a meal offering, it is incumbent upon me to bring one.
אוֹ דִלְמָא, כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר ״מִנְחָה״, חֲדָא מִנְחָה קָאָמַר, וּמַאי ״מִינֵי מִנְחָה״? הָכִי קָאָמַר: ״מִמִּינֵי מִנְחָה חֲדָא מִנְחָה עֲלַי״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a proof that his intent is to bring two meal offerings, from that which is stated in the mishna: If one says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering, or: It is incumbent upon me to bring a type of meal offering, he must bring one. This indicates that if he said: Types of a meal offering, he must bring two.
תָּא שְׁמַע: ״מִנְחָה״ ״מִין מִנְחָה״ – יָבִיא אַחַת, הָא ״מִינֵי מִנְחָה״ – שְׁתַּיִם.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara rejects this proof. Say the latter clause: If one says: It is incumbent upon me to bring meal offerings, or: It is incumbent upon me to bring meal offerings of a certain type, he must bring two. This indicates that if he says: Types of a meal offering, he must bring only one. Rather, no inference is to be learned from this mishna, as the potential inferences are contradictory.
אֵימָא סֵיפָא: ״מְנָחוֹת״, ״מִין מְנָחוֹת״ – יָבִיא שְׁתַּיִם, הָא ״מִינֵי מִנְחָה״ – חֲדָא. אֶלָּא, מֵהָא לֵיכָּא לְמִשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.