Guémara
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : It stands to reason, both according to Rabbi Eliezer and according to the Rabbis, that once he separates her, he has separated her entirely. By rendering her entirely permitted for one day he dissolves the bond between them and the divorce takes effect.
מִסְתַּבְּרָא, בֵּין לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֵּין לְרַבָּנַן, כֵּיוָן דְּפַסְקַהּ – פַּסְקַהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § The Sages taught (Tosefta 6:7) that if a man says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce on the condition that you marry so-and-so, she may not marry that man, but if she marries him the marriage is valid and she need not leave her husband.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״הֲרֵי זֶה גִּיטִּיךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּנָּשְׂאִי לִפְלוֹנִי״ – הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא, וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת – לֹא תֵּצֵא.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara asks: What is the baraita saying? She is forbidden from marrying whom? Rav Naḥman said that this is what the baraita is saying: She may not marry him, i.e., she may not marry the man mentioned by her husband in the condition, lest people say that these people are giving their wives to each other as a gift. But if she marries another man she need not leave him.
מַאי קָאָמַר? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, הָכִי קָאָמַר: הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא לוֹ, שֶׁמָּא יֹאמְרוּ נְשֵׁיהֶן נוֹתְנִין בְּמַתָּנָה. וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר – לֹא תֵּצֵא.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara asks: Do we not remove her from him, thereby allowing a married woman to marry anyone, due to a rabbinic decree, lest people say that the husband is giving her as a gift? As long as the condition that she would marry a specific man is not fulfilled, she is a married woman by Torah law.
וּמִשּׁוּם גְּזֵרָה – לָא מַפְּקִינַן מִינֵּיהּ, וְשָׁרֵינַן אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ לְעָלְמָא?!
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rather, Rav Naḥman said that this is what the baraita is saying: She may not marry him, i.e., the man who was specified in the condition, lest people say that they are giving their wives to each other as a gift. But if she marries him she need not leave him, as we do not remove a woman from her husband due to a decree.
אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, הָכִי קָאָמַר: הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא לוֹ, שֶׁמָּא יֹאמְרוּ נְשֵׁיהֶם נוֹתְנִין בְּמַתָּנָה. וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת לוֹ – לֹא תֵּצֵא, דְּמִשּׁוּם גְּזֵרָה לָא מַפְּקִינַן.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rava said to Rav Naḥman: It may be inferred from your statement that it is specifically to him that she may not get married, but she may marry another man ab initio. But isn’t she required to fulfill the condition by marrying the specified man before marrying someone else?
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: לוֹ – הוּא דְּלֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא, הָא לְאַחֵר – תִּנָּשֵׂא?! וְהָא בָּעֲיָא קַיּוֹמֵיהּ לִתְנָאָה!
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And if you would say that it is possible for her to get married today to someone else and get divorced from him tomorrow and then fulfill her condition by marrying the specified man, and you can compare it to that halakha over which you disagree with Rav Yehuda. As it was stated with regard to one who says: Sleeping is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam] for my eyes today if I will sleep tomorrow, Rav Yehuda says that he may not sleep today lest he sleep tomorrow, causing the vow to have been violated today, retroactively.
וְכִי תֵּימָא: אֶפְשָׁר דְּמִינַּסְבָא הַיּוֹם וּמִיגָּרְשָׁה לִמְחַר – וּמְקַיְּימָא לִתְנָאָה; וּלְהָךְ דִּפְלִיגַתְּ עֲלֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה קָמְדַמֵּית לֵיהּ – דְּאִתְּמַר: ״קֻוֽנָּם עֵינַי בְּשֵׁינָה הַיּוֹם, אִם אִישַׁן לְמָחָר״, אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: אַל יִישַׁן הַיּוֹם, שֶׁמָּא יִישַׁן לְמָחָר;
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And Rav Naḥman says: He may sleep today, as there is currently no prohibition, and we are not concerned that perhaps he will sleep tomorrow, as he will be careful not to sleep. This dispute pertains to the general issue of a prohibition that will take effect retroactively if a condition is not fulfilled. Rav Yehuda holds that the prohibition must be observed until the condition is fulfilled, whereas Rav Naḥman maintains that it is not necessary to observe the prohibition, as he assumes that the condition will be fulfilled. Here too, perhaps Rav Naḥman allows the woman to marry another man because she can fulfill the condition after she is divorced from him.
וְרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: יִישַׁן הַיּוֹם, וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא יִישַׁן לְמָחָר;
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : How can these cases be compared? There, in the case of the vow, the fulfillment of the condition is in his capability, as, if he wants to prevent himself from falling asleep he can prick himself with thorns [silevata] and he will not fall asleep. Here, is it in the woman’s power to get divorced? Perhaps her husband will not agree to divorce her and the condition will not be fulfilled.
הָכִי הַשְׁתָּא?! הָתָם בְּדִידֵיהּ קָיְימָא, דְּאִי בָּעֵי – מְבָרֵיז נַפְשֵׁיהּ בְּסִילְוָאתָא, וְלָא נָאֵים; הָכָא – בְּדִידַהּ קָיְימָא לְאִיגָּרוֹשֵׁי?!
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rather, Rava said that the baraita should be interpreted in the following manner: This woman may marry neither the man who was specified in the condition nor another man. She may not marry him lest people say that these men are giving their wives to each other as a gift, and she may not marry another man because she is required to fulfill the condition.
אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא לֹא לוֹ, וְלֹא לְאַחֵר. לוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא – שֶׁמָּא יֹאמְרוּ: נְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם נוֹתְנִין בְּמַתָּנָה; לְאַחֵר לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא – דְּבָעֲיָא קַיּוֹמֵיהּ לִתְנָאָה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And if she marries the specified man she need not leave him, as we do not remove a woman from her husband due to a decree. But if she gets married to another man she must leave him, as she is required to fulfill the condition before marrying another man.
וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת לוֹ לֹא תֵּצֵא – דְּמִשּׁוּם גְּזֵרָה לָא מַפְּקִינַן; לְאַחֵר תֵּצֵא – דְּבָעֲיָא לְקַיּוֹמֵיהּ לִתְנָאָה.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : It is taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rava: This woman may marry neither him nor another man, but if she marries him she need not leave him. But if she gets married to another man she must leave him.
תַּנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תִּנָּשֵׂא לֹא לוֹ וְלֹא לְאַחֵר, וְאִם נִשֵּׂאת לוֹ – לֹא תֵּצֵא, לְאַחֵר – תֵּצֵא.