Traité Gittin

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : if Rabbi Yosei says that the date on which a document is written proves when it takes effect even when the husband stated a verbal condition as he handed it over, or if Rabbi Yosei does not say his principle in such a case.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara asks: But is Rav Huna uncertain with regard to this matter? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (76b): If one says to his wife: This is hereby your bill of divorce if I have not come back here from now until the conclusion of twelve months, and he died within twelve months, then it is not a valid bill of divorce because the bill of divorce does not take effect until the end of twelve months, which is after the husband’s death? As a result, she is bound by a levirate bond if her husband has no children. And it is taught with regard to that mishna: Our Rabbis disagree, and they rendered it permitted for her to marry, because they are of the opinion that there is no levirate bond in this case.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And we say: Who represents the opinion cited as our Rabbis? Rav Yehuda says that Shmuel says: It is the court that permitted the consumption of oil manufactured by gentiles, and they hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who says: The date written in a document proves when it takes effect. Evidently, according to Rabbi Yosei this principle applies even when the husband made a verbal condition with regard to the bill of divorce.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Rather, it is necessary to say as follows: Rav Huna is uncertain if the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei when the husband adds a verbal condition when giving the document, or if the halakha is not in accordance with Rabbi Yosei’s opinion in such a case.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara asks: But is Rav Huna uncertain with regard to this matter? But didn’t Rava say: If one says to his wife: This is hereby your bill of divorce if I die, or: “This is your bill of divorce when I am dead, then this is a valid bill of divorce? If he said to her: When I die, or: After my death, then this is not a valid bill of divorce.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances? If we say that he said to her: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die, and Rava’s statement is in accordance with opinion of the Rabbis, which is the unattributed opinion of the mishna, is it necessary that this halakha be said by Rava, an amora? But didn’t we learn explicitly in the mishna that if he said: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die, then it is a valid bill of divorce? But rather, is it not speaking about a case where he did not say the term: From today, when he gave the bill of divorce, and Rava’s statement is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei? Conclude from it that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara answers: It is obvious to Rava that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei even when the husband added a verbal condition. But according to Rav Huna, it is uncertain whether or not this is the halakha.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And if you wish, say instead: Actually, Rava’s statement is referring to a case where he said to her: This is your bill of divorce from today, and it is in accordance with opinion of the Rabbis. And it was necessary for Rava to state his ruling to teach the halakha of these expressions not stated in the mishna: First, the husband saying: When I am dead, is considered to be like the expression: If I die. Second, the husband saying: When I die, is considered to be like the expression: After my death.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : § And there are those who teach this statement of Rav Huna with regard to the latter clause of the mishna, which states that if the husband said: This is your bill of divorce after my death, then the bill of divorce is invalid and it is as though he said nothing. Rav Huna says: But according to the statement of Rabbi Yosei she must nevertheless perform ḥalitza, as it is uncertain if the bill of divorce takes effect from the day the bill of divorce was given when the date is supplied verbally.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara questions this version of Rav Huna’s statement: This is obvious. Since it was taught in the latter clause of the mishna, in a case where he explicitly stated: From today, that according to the opinion of the Rabbis she must perform ḥalitza due to the uncertainty as to when the bill of divorce takes effect, in the first clause as well, when he did not add: From today, it is obvious that according to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei she must perform ḥalitza due to the uncertainty. The dispute between Rabbi Yosei and the Rabbis concerns only whether the husband needs to add the term: From today.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara answers: His statement is necessary, lest you say that with regard to this, Rabbi Yosei holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, who says: It is a proper bill of divorce, and she is not even required to perform ḥalitza. Therefore, Rav Huna teaches us that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi does not hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei and Rabbi Yosei does not hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. Each has a unique, albeit similar, opinion.

Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The Gemara explains: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi does not hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, as it teaches in a baraita: If the husband said: This is your bill of divorce from today and after my death, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: A case like this is a valid bill of divorce and there is no need for the wife to perform ḥalitza. By emphasizing the term: Like this, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi intends to exclude the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who is uncertain with regard to the matter. And similarly, Rabbi Yosei did not hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, as it teaches in a mishna: Rabbi Yosei says: A case like this is a valid bill of divorce, to exclude the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi.