Guémara
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : and she begged him not to knock down the house. He bent his body away from her, to the other side, and broke one of his bones. He said: This is as it is written: “Soft speech can break a bone” (Proverbs 25:15).
אִיחַנַּנָא לֵיהּ. כְּפָא לְקוֹמְתֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ, אִיתְּבַר בֵּיהּ גַּרְמָא. אֲמַר, הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלָשׁוֹן רַכָּה תִּשְׁבׇּר גָּרֶם״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Ashmedai saw a blind man who was lost on the road and he brought him to the correct road. He saw a drunk who was lost on the road and he brought him to the correct road. He saw the joy of a wedding celebration in which they were celebrating, and he cried. He heard a certain man say to a shoemaker [ushkafa]: Make me shoes that will last for seven years, and he laughed. He saw a certain sorcerer performing magic, and he laughed.
חֲזָא סַמְיָא דַּהֲוָה קָא טָעֵי בְּאוֹרְחָא, אַסְּקֵיהּ לְאוֹרְחֵיהּ. חֲזָא רַוְיָא דַּהֲוָה קָא טָעֵי בְּאוֹרְחָא, אַסְּקֵיהּ לְאוֹרְחֵיהּ. חֲזָא חֶדְוְותָא דַּהֲווֹ קָמְחַדִּי לַהּ, בְּכָה. שַׁמְעֵיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דַּהֲוָה קָאָמַר לְאוּשְׁכָּפָא: עָבֵיד לִי מְסָאנֵי לְשַׁב שְׁנֵי, אַחֵיךְ. חֲזָא הָהוּא קַסָּמָא דַּהֲוָה קָסֵים, אַחֵיךְ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : When Ashmedai arrived there, in Jerusalem, they did not bring him before Solomon until three days had passed. On the first day he said to them: Why doesn’t the king want me to come to him? They said to him: He drank too much and was overcome by drink. Ashmedai took a brick and placed it on top of another brick. The servants came and told Solomon what he had done. Solomon interpreted the action and said to them: This is what he said to you through this allusion: Return and give the king more to drink.
כִּי מְטָא לְהָתָם, לָא עַיְּילוּהּ לְגַבֵּיהּ דִּשְׁלֹמֹה עַד תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי. יוֹמָא קַמָּא אֲמַר לְהוּ: אַמַּאי לָא קָא בָעֵי לִי מַלְכָּא לְגַבֵּיהּ? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אַנְסֵיהּ מִישְׁתְּיָא. שְׁקַל לְבֵינְתָּא אוֹתֵיב אַחֲבִרְתַּהּ. אֲתוֹ אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לִשְׁלֹמֹה. אָמַר לְהוּ, הָכִי אָמַר לְכוּ: הֲדוּר אַשְׁקְיוּהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : The following day Ashmedai said to them: And why doesn’t the king want me to come to him? They said to him: He ate too much and was overcome by food. Ashmedai took the brick off the other brick and placed it on the ground. The servants came and told Solomon what Ashmedai had done. He interpreted Ashmedai’s actions and said to them: This is what he said to you through this allusion: Take his food away from him.
לִמְחַר אֲמַר לְהוּ: וְאַמַּאי לָא קָא בָּעֵי לִי מַלְכָּא לְגַבֵּיהּ? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אַנְסֵיהּ מֵיכְלָא. שְׁקַל לְבֵינְתָּא מֵחֲבִרְתַּהּ, אוֹתְבַהּ אַאַרְעָא. אֲתוֹ אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לִשְׁלֹמֹה. אֲמַר לְהוּ, הָכִי אָמַר לְכוּ: נְגִידוּ מִינֵּיהּ מֵיכְלֵיהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : At the end of three days Ashmedai came before Solomon. Ashmedai took a reed and measured four cubits [garmidei], and threw it before him. He said to Solomon: See, when that man, Solomon, dies, he will have nothing in this world except the four cubits of his grave. Now you have conquered the entire world and yet you are not satisfied until you also conquer me?
לְסוֹף תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי עֲיַיל לְקַמֵּיהּ. שְׁקַל קַנְיָא, וּמְשַׁח אַרְבְּעָה גַּרְמִידֵי, וּשְׁדָא קַמֵּיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִכְּדִי כִּי מָיֵית הָהוּא גַּבְרָא, לֵית לֵיהּ בְּהָדֵין עָלְמָא אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעָה גַּרְמִידֵי; הַשְׁתָּא כְּבַשְׁתֵּיהּ לְכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא, וְלָא שְׂבַעְתְּ עַד דִּכְבַשְׁתְּ נָמֵי לְדִידִי?!
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Solomon said to him: I need nothing from you. I want to build the Temple and I need the shamir for this. Ashmedai said to him: The shamir was not given to me, but it was given to the angelic minister of the sea. And he gives it only to the wild rooster, also known as the dukhifat or the hoopoe, whom he trusts by the force of his oath to return it.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא קָא בָעֵינָא מִינָּךְ מִידֵּי; בָּעֵינָא דְּאֶיבְנְיֵיהּ לְבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְקָא מִיבְּעֵי לִי שָׁמִירָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לְדִידִי לָא מְסִיר לִי, לְשָׂרָא דְיַמָּא מָסֵיר לֵיהּ; וְלָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ אֶלָּא לְתַרְנְגוֹלָא בָּרָא, דִּמְהֵימַן לֵיהּ אַשְּׁבוּעֲתֵיהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : And what does the wild rooster do with it? He brings it to mountains that are not fit for habitation, and he places the shamir on the craggy rock and the mountain splits. And he takes and brings seeds of trees, throws them there, and it becomes fit for habitation. And this is why we interpret the word dukhifat as a cutter of mountains [naggar tura], i.e., the Aramaic translation of the word dukhifat in the Bible is naggar tura, cutter of mountains.
וּמַאי עָבֵד בֵּיהּ? מַמְטֵי לֵיהּ לְטוּרֵי דְּלֵית בְּהוּ יִשּׁוּב, וּמַנַּח לֵהּ אַשִּׁינָּא דְטוּרָא, וּפָקַע טוּרָא; וּמְנַקֵּיט מַיְיתִי בִּיזְרָנֵי מֵאִילָנֵי, וְשָׁדֵי הָתָם, וְהָוֵי יִשּׁוּב. וְהַיְינוּ דִּמְתַרְגְּמִינַן: ״נַגָּר טוּרָא״.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : They investigated and found the nest of a wild rooster in which there were chicks, and he covered its nest with translucent glass. When the rooster came it wanted to enter the nest but was unable to do so. It went and brought the shamir and placed it on top to crack the glass. Solomon’s servant threw a clump of dirt at the rooster and the rooster knocked over the shamir. The man took it and the wild rooster went and strangled itself over the fact that it had not kept its oath, by not returning the shamir.
בְּדַקוּ קִינָּא דְּתַרְנְגוֹלָא בָּרָא דְּאִית לֵיהּ בְּנֵי, וְחַפְּיוּהּ לְקִינֵּיהּ זוּגִּיתָא חִיוָּרְתִּי. כִּי אֲתָא, בָּעֵי לְמֵיעַל וְלָא מָצֵי. אֲזַל אַיְיתִי שָׁמִירָא, וְאוֹתְבֵיהּ עִלָּוֵיהּ. רְמָא בֵּיהּ קָלָא, שַׁדְיֵיהּ, שַׁקְלֵיהּ. אֲזַל חֲנַק נַפְשֵׁיהּ אַשְּׁבוּעֲתֵיהּ.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Later, Benayahu said to Ashmedai: What is the reason that when you saw that blind man who was lost on the road you brought him to the correct road? Ashmedai said to him: They proclaim about him in heaven that he is a completely righteous man, and anyone who does good for his soul shall merit to enter the World-to-Come.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ בְּנָיָהוּ: מַאי טַעְמָא כִּי חֲזִיתֵיהּ לְהָהוּא סַמְיָא דַּהֲוָה קָא טָעֵי בְּאוֹרְחָא, אַסֵּיקְתֵּיהּ לְאוֹרְחֵיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַכְרְזִי עֲלֵיהּ בִּרְקִיעָא דְּצַדִּיק גָּמוּר הוּא, וּמַאן דַּעֲבַד לֵיהּ נִיחָא נַפְשֵׁיהּ, זָכֵי לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Then Benayahu asked: And what is the reason that when you saw the drunk man who was lost on the road you brought him to the correct road? Ashmedai said to him: They proclaim about him in heaven that he is a completely wicked man. And I did good for his soul so that he will consume his reward in this world and not have any reward in the World-to-Come.
וּמַאי טַעְמָא כִּי חֲזֵיתֵיהּ לְהָהוּא רַוְיָא דְּקָטָעֵי בְּאוֹרְחָא, אַסֵּיקְתֵּיהּ לְאוֹרְחֵיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַכְרְזִי עֲלֵיהּ בִּרְקִיעָא דְּרָשָׁע גָּמוּר הוּא, וְעָבְדִי לֵיהּ נִיחָא נַפְשֵׁיהּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֵיכְלֵיהּ לְעָלְמָא.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : Benayahu continued and asked him: What is the reason that when you saw that joy of the wedding you cried? Ashmedai said to him: I knew that this man will die within thirty days. And his wife is required to wait for the yavam, the husband’s brother, who is a minor, to reach the age of thirteen years, the age of majority, so that he can release her through ḥalitza, the ritual through which the yavam frees the yevama of her levirate bonds.
מַאי טַעְמָא כִּי חֲזֵיתֵיהּ לְהָהוּא חֶדְוְותָא, בְּכֵית? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בָּעֵי מֵימָת גַּבְרָא בְּגוֹ תְּלָתִין יוֹמִין, וּבָעֲיָא מִינְטָר לְיָבָם קָטָן תְּלֵיסְרֵי שְׁנִין.
Traduction française en préparation — version anglaise (Steinsaltz) : In addition, he asked: What is the reason that when you heard that man say to a shoemaker: Make me shoes that will last for seven years, you laughed? Ashmedai said to him: That man does not have seven days to live; does he need shoes that will last for seven years?
מַאי טַעְמָא כִּי שְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ לְאוּשְׁכָּפָא: ״עֲבֵיד לִי מְסָאנֵי לְשַׁב שְׁנִין״, אַחֵיכְתְּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָהוּא, שִׁבְעָה יוֹמֵי לֵית לֵיהּ, מְסָאנֵי לְשַׁב שְׁנִין בָּעֵי?!